Thursday, June 30, 2022

Seminar to address the influence of African ancestry in breast cancer disparities

Melissa Davis, Ph.D., associate professor of cell and developmental biology in surgery at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Genome Center, is July's guest speaker for the Department of Pathology's Research Seminar Series.

She will present "The Influence of African Ancestry in Breast Cancer Tumor Biology" at noon Thursday, July 21, in the Strada Patient Care Center conference room.

Her research interests include the intersection of race and ancestry and the influence of immunological differences in tumor biology, and the differences in tumor immune responses associated with African ancestry and therapeutic implications of these differences.

For more information, contact Patrick Carlisle at 251-471-7753 or pcarlisle@health.southalabama.edu.

Faculty clear part of Escatawpa River for wilderness medicine program

Lynn Yonge, M.D., director of the wilderness medicine program, carries his canoe through debris on the Escatawpa River. 
Senior medical students at the University of South Alabama’s Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine have the opportunity to take a wilderness medicine elective, gaining the skills they’ll need as doctors to respond to natural disasters, humanitarian crises, and search-and-rescue operations. 

During the month-long course, fourth-year students – who have various outdoor skills and levels of experience – learn how to overcome challenges in the wilderness. At the end, they receive certificates in wilderness first aid. 

Lynn Yonge, M.D., left, and Raymond
Maguire, M.D., prepare a meal on a sand bar
of the Escatawpa River.
Led by emergency medicine faculty, the course makes use of the Mobile area’s marine and delta ecosystems, earning the distinction as the only primarily water-based wilderness medicine program in the United States. The elective, which is offered in February and March, culminates with a five-day canoe expedition on the Tensaw River delta or the Escatawpa River. 

Lynn Yonge, M.D., a family medicine physician and 1986 graduate of the Whiddon College of Medicine, started the wilderness medicine elective in 2014 and continues to lead the program. Yonge and his wife attempted to paddle the Escatawpa River a few months ago and realized the river was nearly impassable, the result of an active 2020 hurricane season. 

With the goal of using the river again for the wilderness medicine course, Yonge, Raymond Maguire, M.D., assistant professor of emergency medicine, and Maguire’s neighbor set out to clear the river of obstructions one weekend in May. 

“So the three of us headed down the Escatawpa River with camping gear, food, chainsaws, clippers, axes and no idea what we were getting into,” Maguire said. 

As the group paddled down the river on the first day, boats typically in single file, they couldn’t help but notice the beauty of the environment. “The river has a dark tea color and is lined with massive cypress trees and pure white sand bars,” Maguire said. “The still air is broken frequently by the calls of red-tailed hawks, blue herons, kingfishers and woodpeckers.” 

Downed trees, often backfilled with branches and leaves, and knees of cypress trees formed impressive obstructions. Some could be solved with a chainsaw; but other obstructions were so large, the volunteers had to portage around them. 

“This means we removed all our gear from the boats and carried it around the obstruction,” Maguire said. “Then we carried the boats around the blockage, repacked the gear into the boats, and pushed off to start paddling again.” 

Cypress trees provide magnificent scenery
as well as challenging obstructions.
Sand and gravel bars also posed problems, as the river was flowing lower than normal. In these cases, they climbed out of the canoes and walked them past the bars until there was sufficient water to paddle. “This was a frequent challenge throughout the trip, and it seems like we walked almost as much of the river as we paddled,” Maguire said. 

On the first day, the trio only covered 2 miles in 7.5 hours. However, as the river became wider, there were fewer obstacles to clear, allowing them to cover ground more quickly. The second day, they traversed 14 miles in about 10 hours. 

“As hard as it was physically, there was a lot of laughter typically associated with some unexpected fall into the river while walking past an obstruction or gravel bar,” Maguire said. “Unseen water hazards became the bane of our efforts, and they received names that would have disappointed all our mothers.” 

Thanks to their endeavor, a portion of the Escatawpa River that winds through Mississippi and Alabama is now passable. 

Maguire and Yonge have plans to paddle it again this fall to ensure crews will be able to make it down the river for the wilderness medicine course next spring. 

Meet a Med Student: Virginia Farley

Virginia Farley

Age: 23

Class of: 2025

Hometown: Birmingham, Alabama

Undergrad institution: Sewanee: The University of the South

Degree earned: Bachelor of Science in biochemistry with a psychology minor

Interests, hobbies: I started powerlifting at the beginning of medical school, so I love going to the gym! I also enjoy playing soccer on the COM intramural team, spending any time outside (especially at the lake or beach), photography, and playing with my cat Sylvester.

Something unique about me: I actually know how to windsurf and love it! I'm not the best at it, but I have been windsurfing in three different countries! At some point I want to learn how to kitesurf. I am also the only student who went to Sewanee at the College of Medicine.

Three of my favorite things: Good food, a good belly laugh and traveling

What I enjoy most about being a student at the Whiddon College of Medicine: All of the professors know the students by name, enjoy having conversations, answering questions and even enjoy seeing them outside of class. You can tell they genuinely care about our success in the program. Additionally, you get to know your classmates so well due to the small class size, and it's so fun to hang out with other classmates outside of school!



Monday, June 27, 2022

Davies awarded $3.5 million NIH grant to study drug-resistant bacteria that causes gonorrhea

Christopher Davies, Ph.D.
Scientists and physicians have worked for decades to understand why some bacteria that cause infections grow increasingly resistant to certain antibiotics. Such resistance limits treatment options for many of those with the illnesses and now poses a threat to millions of people worldwide.

Christopher Davies, Ph.D., associate dean for research at the University of South Alabama’s Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, recently was awarded a five-year, $3.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to determine the molecular mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacterial species that causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted illness responsible for more than 800,000 infections annually in the United States and some 78 million cases worldwide. Untreated or untreatable infections, noted Davies, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women, gonococcal arthritis in both sexes, and an increased risk of contracting and transmitting HIV. There is no vaccine available.

In recent decades, resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae toward multiple classes of antibiotics has increased steadily, leaving only extended-spectrum cephalosporins as recommended treatments. Extremely troubling, Davies said, is that strains of N. gonorrhoeae exhibiting resistance to these cephalosporins have emerged and spread globally, including in the U.S. Finding new treatments for gonorrhea is therefore a matter of urgency.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacterial species that
causes gonorrhea.
The emergence of cephalosporin-resistance in N. gonorrhoeae is due to mutations in a protein called penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2), an enzyme that is essential for bacterial cell-wall synthesis. The project aims to understand how mutations in PBP2 lower reactivity with cephalosporins while preserving its essential enzymatic function.

“This is a delicate balancing act that must be negotiated by the bacteria,” Davies said. “If the mutations compromise enzyme function, the bacteria cannot grow, but if the effect of mutations on resistance is too small, then the bacteria will be killed by cephalosporins. The strains we are seeing have solved this conundrum.”

For the project, Davies’ team will work to determine the molecular structures of PBP2 from cephalosporin-resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae and also examine their properties biochemically. Early indications are that mutations act by restricting the protein dynamics of PBP2 in a way that selectively discriminates against cephalosporins.

The overall goal of the research is to develop new agents to treat gonorrhea, and this already is happening through an NIH-supported collaboration with the pharmaceutical company Venatorx Inc., which is translating findings from the Davies lab to design new inhibitors of PBP2.